Among the Atoni of Timor, the actions of warriors and headhunters were subject to a ritualised cult of warfare governed by ‘le’u musu’, a sacred force essential to success in battle and the spiritual welfare of the entire community. Strict taboos, divination ceremonies and talismanic blessings were all believed to render warriors invulnerable to their enemies. Infused with ‘le’u musu’ prior to battle, a warrior’s regalia of fine textiles, adornments and weapons expressed the wearer’s courage and glory. It also represented male and female duality.Although tapestry-woven headcloths (‘ilaf’ ) and elaborate pronged headdresses were the prerogative of initiated warriors (‘meo’), these items and other garments were also worn ceremonially by women upon the death of their father, and following childbirth. Woven with protective motifs, the ‘ilaf’ was worn wrapped around the head with the fringes framing the face, its striking colour denoting courage and victory.