The Great Illuminator, Dainichi Nyorai (Mahavairocana in Sanskrit) is revered by the esoteric Shingon sect of Japanese Buddhism as the source of the universe. Also known as the Great Sun Buddha, he is shown here surrounded by a double flaming aureole. The Buddha is seated on a lotus throne, the petals of which contain wish-fulfilling jewels to bring blessings to those who suffer, supported by a vajra (a diamond thunderbolt object used in Buddhist ritual).

With long hair, a crown, elaborate jewellery and a fine robe, Dainichi Nyorai is presented not as a Bbuddha but as a bodhisattva – an enlightened being who delays their own buddhahood to assist others on the quest. In this painting, his hands are held in meditation.